EVOLUTION OF MOBILES NETWRKS

Generations

Technology

Features

Advantages/ Drawbacks

1G  (1^st Generation)

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Frequency Bands: 800 MHz  /Data Speed: Up to 2.4 Kbps

 voice communication

No data services./ Poor voice quality and security.        Large, bulky phones.

2G (2^nd  Generation)

Digital (GSM, CDMA) Digital signals //  Frequency Bands: 900 MHz, 1800 MHz  Data Speed: Up to 64 Kbps

Better voice quality 

SMS and MMS.       .

Basic data services,        Better battery life and smaller phones

3G  (3^rd  Generation)

UMTS, CDMA2000/  Frequency Bands: 2100 MHz/   Data Speed: Up to 2 Mbps (theoretically up to 21.6 Mbps with HSPA+)

Higher speed data service /  mobile internet, video calls, and mobile TV.

Improved voice quality and capacity

4G  (4^th Generation)

LTE, WiMAX  Frequency Bands: 700 MHz to 2.6 GHz

Data Speed: Up to 1 Gbps (theoretically), Multiple Input Multiple Output & Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing.

Support for high-definition mobile TV, video conferencing, and cloud.

Significant increase in data speeds and capacity. Lower latency and improved spectral efficiency. Lower latency and improved spectral efficiency

5G (5^th Generation)

NR (New Radio)

 Frequency Bands: There are 3 types of 5G wireless bands :-LOW: frequencies between 600 and 900 MHz),MID: between 1 and 6 GHz  HIGH BAND :Transmits from 24 to 47 GHz.     Data Speed: Up to 20 Gbps (theoretically)

Ultra-high data speeds and very low latency. Support for massive IoT (Internet of Things) and critical communications.

 Enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC), and massive machine-type communication (mMTC). Network slicing for customized network services. Improved energy efficiency and capacity.